Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar
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Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 in the town and military cantonment of Mhow. now which is known as Dr Ambedkar Nagar in Madhya Pradesh. He was the 14th and last child of Ramji Maloji Sakpal, an army officer who held the rank of Subedar, and Bhimabai Sakpal, daughter of Laxman Murbadkar. His family was of Marathi background from the town of Ambadawe in Ratnagiri district Maharashtra. Ambedkar was born into a Mahar (dalit) caste, who were treated as untouchables and subjected to socio-economic discrimination. Ambedkar's ancestors had long worked for the army of the British East India Company, and his father served in the British Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment. Although they attended school, but Ambedkar and other untouchable children were segregated and given little attention or help by their teachers. They were not allowed to sit inside the class with other childrens. When they needed to drink water, someone from a higher caste had to pour that water from a height as they were not allowed to touch either the water or the vessel that contained it. This task was usually performed for the young Ambedkar by the school peon, and if the peon was not available then he had to go without water; this situation he described later in his writings as "No peon, No Water". He was required to sit on a gunny sack which he had to take home with him. In 1906, when he was about 15 years old, he married a nine-year-old girl, Ramabai. The match per the customs prevailing at that time was arranged by the couple's parents.
Ramji Sakpal retired in 1894 and the family moved to Satara two years later. Shortly after their move, Ambedkar's mother died. The children were cared for by their paternal aunt and lived in difficult circumstances. Three sons – Balaram, Anandrao and Bhimrao – and two daughters – Manjula and Tulasa. among his siblings only Ambedkar passed his examinations and went to high school. His original surname was Sakpal but his father registered his name as Ambadawekar in school, meaning he comes from his native village 'Ambadawe' in Ratnagiri district. His Marathi Brahmin teacher, Krishnaji Ambedkar, changed his surname from 'Ambadawekar' to his own surname 'Ambedkar' in school records.
In 1913, at the age of 22, Ambedkar was awarded a Baroda State Scholarship of £11.50 per month for three years under a scheme established by Sayajirao Gaekwad II that was designed to provide opportunities for postgraduate education at Columbia University in New York City. Soon after arriving there he settled in rooms at Livingston Hall with Naval Bhathena, a Parsi who was to be a lifelong friend. He passed his M.A. exam in June 1915, majoring in economics, and other subjects of Sociology, History, Philosophy and Anthropology. He presented a thesis, Ancient Indian Commerce. Ambedkar was influenced by John Dewey and his work on democracy.
In 1916, he completed his second master's thesis, National Dividend of India – A Historic and Analytical Study, for a second M.A. On 9 May, he presented the paper Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development before a seminar conducted by the anthropologist Alexander Goldenweiser. Ambedkar received his Ph.D. degree in economics at Columbia in 1927.
Studies at the London School of Economics:-
In October 1916, he enrolled for the Bar course at Gray's Inn, He started working on a doctoral thesis where he got admition in the London School of Economics. In June 1917, he returned to India because his scholarship from Baroda ended. His book collection was dispatched on a different ship from the one he was on, and that ship was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine. He got permission to return to London to submit his thesis within four years. He returned at the first opportunity, and completed a master's degree in 1921. His thesis was on "The problem of the rupee: Its origin and its solution".In 1923, he completed a D.Sc. in Economics which was awarded from University of London, and the same year he was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn.
Ambedkar called right to constitutional remedies as a heart and soul of the constitution.It was given such importance because any right without a remedy is worthless. He has various qualities like leadership, honesty, revolutionist, long visionary attitude, non violent attitude and ambitious thoughts. These qualities made him as ideal for young generation. Youths can get inspiration from his personality and also they get lesson from successful journy of Ambedkar 's life.
Ambedkar launched a movement against Dalit discrimination by creating public opinion through his writings in several periodicals such as Mook Nayak, Vahishkrit Bharat, and Equality Janata, which he started for the protection of Dalit rights. Ambedkar sketches out his political campaigns which were designed to boycott caste rule and allow untouchables access to temple, wells and other civic resources all with the intention to raise public consciousness against the practice of untouchability. Baba saheb Ambedkar had considered three men,as their instructor or as his Guru.
1)Lord Buddha
2)Saint Kabir
3)Mahatma Jhotirao Phule.